Moore, K. A., Hill, T. C. J., Madawala, C. K., Leibensperger Iii, R. J., Greeney, S., Cappa, C. D., Stokes, M. D., Deane, G. B., Lee, C., Tivanski, A. V., Prather, K. A., & DeMott, P. J. (2025). Wind-driven emission of marine ice-nucleating particles in the Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 25(5), 3131–3159. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025

Cockell, C. S., Conte, H., & Stokes, M. D. (2025). Inoculating Enceladus. Space Policy, 71, 101650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101650

Tumminello, P. R., Niles, R., Valdez, V., Madawala, C. K., Gamage, D. K., Kimble, K. A., Leibensperger, R. J., Huang, C., Kaluarachchi, C., Dinasquet, J., Malfatti, F., Lee, C., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., Stone, E., Tivanski, A., Prather, K. A., Boor, B. E., & Slade, J. H. (2024). Size-Dependent Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol Bounce Fractions and Estimated Viscosity: The Role of Divalent Cation Enrichment, Surface Tension, and the Kelvin Effect. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(44), 19666–19678. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c04312

Grossman, S., Johnson, H., Stokes, D., & Deane, G. (2024). Toward monitoring submarine glacier melt using hydroacoustics: The role of timescale in the signal of bubble release. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 156(3), 1820–1838. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0028628

Madawala, C. K., Molina, C., Kim, D., Gamage, D. K., Sun, M., Leibensperger, R. J., Mehndiratta, L., Lee, J., Kaluarachchi, C. P., Kimble, K. A., Sandstrom, G., Harb, C., Dinasquet, J., Malfatti, F., Prather, K. A., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., Lee, C., Slade, J. H., … Tivanski, A. V. (2024). Effects of Wind Speed on Size-Dependent Morphology and Composition of Sea Spray Aerosols. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, acsearthspacechem.4c00119. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00119

Johnson, H. A., Glowacki, O., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2024). Brief communication: A technique for making in situ measurements at the ice–water boundary of small pieces of floating glacier ice. The Cryosphere, 18(1), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-265-2024

Dubitsky, L., Deane, G. B., Stokes, D. M., & Bird, J. C. (2024). Modeling the Concentration Enhancement and Selectivity of Plastic Particle Transport in Sea Spray Aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(7), e2023JC020396. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020396

Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2024). A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Measurements of Whitecap Foam Evolution From Breaking Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(1), e2023JC020193. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020193

Stanford University, Thomas, L., Kelly, S., Klenz, T., Young, W., Rainville, L., Simmons, H., Hormann, V., & Stokes, I. (2024). Why Near-Inertial Waves Are Less Affected by Vorticity in the Northeast Pacific Than in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.301

Stokes, M. D., Leichter, J. J., & Nadeau, D. (2023). Suspended particulates at the Point Loma, California wastewater outfall. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1251162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1251162

Dubitsky, L., Stokes, M. D., Deane, G. B., & Bird, J. C. (2023). Effects of Salinity Beyond Coalescence on Submicron Aerosol Distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(10), e2022JD038222. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038222

Stokes, M. D. (2023). A Test of Sol–Gel Incorporation of Organic Compounds as Translucent, Marine Biofouling-Resistant Windows. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(4), 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040733

Leichter, J. J., Ladah, L. B., Parnell, P. E., Stokes, M. D., Costa, M. T., Fumo, J., & Dayton, P. K. (2023). Persistence of southern California giant kelp beds and alongshore variation in nutrient exposure driven by seasonal upwelling and internal waves. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1007789. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1007789

Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Glowacki, O., Chitre, M., Johnson, H., Moskalik, M., & Stokes, D. (2023). Depth-dependence of the underwater noise emission from melting glacier ice. JASA Express Letters, 3(2), 020801. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0017348

Beall, C. M., Hill, T. C. J., DeMott, P. J., Köneman, T., Pikridas, M., Drewnick, F., Harder, H., Pöhlker, C., Lelieveld, J., Weber, B., Iakovides, M., Prokeš, R., Sciare, J., Andreae, M. O., Stokes, M. D., & Prather, K. A. (2022). Ice-nucleating particles near two major dust source regions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(18), 12607–12627. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022

Beall, C. M., Michaud, J. M., Fish, M. A., Dinasquet, J., Cornwell, G. C., Stokes, M. D., Burkart, M. D., Hill, T. C., DeMott, P. J., & Prather, K. A. (2021). Cultivable halotolerant ice-nucleating bacteria and fungi in coastal precipitation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(11), 9031–9045. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9031-2021

Stokes, I. A., & Lucas, A. J. (2021). Wave-slope soaring of the brown pelican. Movement Ecology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00247-9

Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Chitre, M., Glowacki, O., Stokes, D., & Moskalik, M. (2020). Vertical directionality and spatial coherence of the sound field in glacial bays in Hornsund Fjord. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(6), 3849–3862. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0002868

Beall, C. M., Lucero, D., Hill, T. C., DeMott, P. J., Stokes, M. D., & Prather, K. A. (2020). Best practices for precipitation sample storage for offline studies of ice nucleation in marine and coastal environments. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13(12), 6473–6486. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020

Stokes, M. D., Leichter, J. J., & Wing, S. R. (2020). Spatial variations in the stable isotope composition of the benthic algae, Halimeda tuna, and implications for paleothermometry. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73283-x

Wing, S. R., Wing, L. C., O’Connell-Milne, S. A., Barr, D., Stokes, D., Genovese, S., & Leichter, J. J. (2020). Penguins and seals transport limiting nutrients between offshore pelagic and coastal regions of Antarctica under changing sea ice. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00578-5

Wing, S. R., Leichter, J. J., Wing, L. C., Stokes, D., Genovese, S. J., McMullin, R. M., & Shatova, O. A. (2018). Contribution of sea ice microbial production to Antarctic benthic communities is driven by sea ice dynamics and composition of functional guilds. Global Change Biology, 24(8), 3642–3653. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14291

Forestieri, S. D., Moore, K. A., Borrero, R. M., Wang, A., Stokes, M. D., & Cappa, C. D. (2018). Temperature and Composition Dependence of Sea Spray Aerosol Production. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(14), 7218–7225. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl078193

Elliott, S., Burrows, S., Cameron-Smith, P., Hoffman, F., Hunke, E., Jeffery, N., Liu, Y. N., Maltrud, M., Menzo, Z., Ogunro, O., Van Roekel, L., Wang, S. L., Brunke, M., Jin, M. B., Letscher, R., Meskhidze, N., Russell, L., Simpson, I., Stokes, D., & Wingenter, O. (2018). Does marine surface tension have global biogeography? Addition for the OCEANFILMS package. Atmosphere, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9060216

Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2017). On the imprint of surfactant-driven stabilization of laboratory breaking wave foam with comparison to oceanic whitecaps. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(8), 6110–6128. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jc012809

Wang, X. F., Deane, G. B., Moore, K. A., Ryder, O. S., Stokes, M. D., Beall, C. M., Collins, D. B., Santander, M. V., Burrows, S. M., Sultana, C. M., & Prather, K. A. (2017). The role of jet and film drops in controlling the mixing state of submicron sea spray aerosol particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(27), 6978–6983. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702420114

Beall, C. M., Stokes, M. D., Hill, T. C., DeMott, P. J., DeWald, J. T., DeWald, J. T., & Prather, K. A. (2017). Automation and heat transfer characterization of immersion mode spectroscopy for analysis of ice nucleating particles. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 10(7), 2613–2626. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2613-2017

Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2016). Laboratory air-entraining breaking waves: Imaging visible foam signatures to estimate energy dissipation. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(21), 11320–11328. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071226

Stokes, M. D., Deane, G., Collins, D. B., Cappa, C., Bertram, T., Dommer, A., Schill, S., Forestieri, S., & Survilo, M. (2016). A miniature Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (miniMART) as a compact breaking wave analogue. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(9), 4257–4267. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4257-2016

DeMott, P. J., Hill, T. C. J., McCluskey, C. S., Prather, K. A., Collins, D. B., Sullivan, R. C., Ruppel, M. J., Mason, R. H., Irish, V. E., Lee, T., Hwang, C. Y., Rhee, T. S., Snider, J. R., McMeeking, G. R., Dhaniyala, S., Lewis, E. R., Wentzell, J. J. B., Abbatt, J., Lee, C., … Franc, G. D. (2016). Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(21), 5797–5803. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514034112

Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., & Callaghan, A. H. (2016). The saturation of fluid turbulence in breaking laboratory waves and implications for whitecaps. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(3), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0187.1

Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., & Latz, M. I. (2016). Bubble stimulation efficiency of dinoflagellate bioluminescence. Luminescence, 31(1), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.2957

Brady, J. M., Stokes, M. D., Bonnardel, J., & Bertram, T. H. (2016). Characterization of a quadrotor unmanned aircraft system for aerosol-particle-concentration measurements. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(3), 1376–1383. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05320

Lee, C., Sultana, C. M., Collins, D. B., Santander, M. V., Axson, J. L., Malfatti, F., Cornwell, G. C., Grandquist, J. R., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., Azam, F., Grassian, V. H., & Prather, K. A. (2015). Advancing model systems for fundamental laboratory studies of sea spray aerosol using the microbial loop. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 119(33), 8860–8870. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03488

Callaghan, A. H., Stokes, M. D., & Deane, G. B. (2014). The effect of water temperature on air entrainment, bubble plumes, and surface foam in a laboratory breaking-wave analog. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 119(11), 7463–7482. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010351

Collins, D. B., Zhao, D. F., Ruppel, M. J., Laskina, O., Grandquist, J. R., Modini, R. L., Stokes, M. D., Russell, L. M., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., & Prather, K. A. (2014). Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 7(11), 3667–3683. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3667-2014

Leichter, J. J., Stokes, M. D., Vilchis, L. I., & Fiechter, J. (2014). Regional synchrony of temperature variation and internal wave forcing along the Florida Keys reef tract. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 119(1), 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jc009371

Dunlop, R. A., Cato, D. H., Noad, M. J., & Stokes, D. M. (2013). Source levels of social sounds in migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(1), 706–714. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4807828

Jin, K., Klima, J. C., Deane, G., Dale Stokes, M., & Latz, M. I. (2013). Pharmacological investigation of the bioluminescence signaling pathway of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum: evidence for the role of stretch-activated ion channels. Journal of Phycology, 49(4), 733–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12084

Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2013). Two regimes of laboratory whitecap foam decay: Bubble-plume controlled and surfactant stabilized. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(6), 1114–1126. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0148.1

Prather, K. A., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., DeMott, P. J., Aluwihare, L. I., Palenik, B. P., Azam, F., Seinfeld, J. H., Moffet, R. C., Molina, M. J., Cappa, C. D., Geiger, F. M., Roberts, G. C., Russell, L. M., Ault, A. P., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., … Zhao, D. F. (2013). Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(19), 7550–7555. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300262110

Stokes, M. D., Deane, G. B., Prather, K., Bertram, T. H., Ruppel, M. J., Ryder, O. S., Brady, J. M., & Zhao, D. (2013). A Marine Aerosol Reference Tank system as a breaking wave analogue for the production of foam and sea-spray aerosols. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6(4), 1085–1094. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1085-2013

Dunlop, R. A., Noad, M. J., Cato, D. H., Kniest, E., Miller, P. J. O., Smith, J. N., & Stokes, M. D. (2013). Multivariate analysis of behavioural response experiments in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(5), 759–770. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.071498

Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2013). Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble-produced aerosol particles. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118(3), 1388–1400. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50186

Grant B. Deane, James C. Preisig, Chris T. Tindle, Andone Lavery, & M. Dale Stokes. (2012). Deterministic forward scatter from surface gravity waves. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 132(6), 3673–3686. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4763996

Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., & Ward, B. (2012). Observed variation in the decay time of oceanic whitecap foam. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 117. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008147

Leichter, J. J., Stokes, M. D., Hench, J. L., Witting, J., & Washburn, L. (2012). The island-scale internal wave climate of Moorea, French Polynesia. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 117. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc007949

Slattery, M., Lesser, M. P., Brazeau, D., Stokes, M. D., & Leichter, J. J. (2011). Connectivity and stability of mesophotic coral reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 408(1–2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.07.024

Stokes, M. D., Leichter, J. J., Wing, S., & Frew, R. (2011). Temperature variability and algal isotopic heterogeneity on a Floridian coral reef. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective, 32(3), 364–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00469.x

Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2010). Model calculations of the underwater noise of breaking waves and comparison with experiment. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 127(6), 3394–3410. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3419774